A full documentary of Ivan the Great or Terrible.Tsar of Russia & his historical significant in Russia
The English word terrible is usually used to translate the Russian word грозный (grozny) in Ivan’s epithet, but this is a somewhat archaic translation. The Russian word грозный reflects the older English usage of terrible as in “inspiring fear or terror; dangerous; powerful” (i.e., similar to modern English terrifying). It does not convey the more modern connotations of English terrible such as “defective” or “evil”According to Edward L. Keenan, Ivan the Terrible’s image in popular culture as a tyrant came from politicised Western travel literature of the Renaissance era.Anti-Russian propaganda during the Livonian War portrayed Ivan as a sadistic and oriental despot. Vladimir Dal defines grozny specifically in archaic usage and as an epithet for tsars: “courageous, magnificent, magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people in obedience”.Other translations have also been suggested by modern scholars, including formidable, as well as awe-inspiring.
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